2
$\begingroup$

Question. Does there exist an entire function $h$ satisfying three following assertions:

  • $h$ belongs to the $H^2$ Hardy space in every horizontal upper half-plane;
  • $zh - 1$ belongs to $H^2(\mathbb{C}_+)$, where $\mathbb{C}_+ = \{\text{Im}(z) > 0\}$;
  • $h$ has infinitely many zeroes in some horizontal strip $\{\text{Im}(z) \in [y_1, y_2] \}$?

Does the answer change if we additionally assume that $h$ is of finite order?

On the first assertion. Assume that the function $H$ belongs to the Hardy space in every upper horizontal half-plane. and let $G = \mathcal{F}H\in L^2[0, +\infty)$. In terms of $G$ the first assertion is equivalent to the fact that $G e^{\delta x}\in L^2[0, \infty)$ for every $\delta > 0$ and $H(z) = \int_0^{\infty} G(x)e^{izx}dx$ for all $z\in \mathbb{C}$.

In this situation $G$ can be expressed as $G = G_1 + G_2$ where $G_1\in C^1[0,\gamma]$ for some $\gamma > 0$ and $\|G_2\|_{L^1[0,\infty)} < \varepsilon$. Via this decomposition one can show that $H(z)$ tends to $0$ as $|z|\to \infty$ uniformly in every horizontal strip (consequently $H(z) = w$ has only finitely many roots for all $\omega\in \mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$).

Construction attempts. To fulfil the first two assertions one can take function $H$ from the previous paragraph and put $h = (1 + H)/(z - z_0)$ where $H(z_0)= -1$. However in this situation $h(z) = 0 \Longleftrightarrow H(z) = -1$, which has only a finite number of roots in any horizontal half-plane.

Furthermore, by the Paley-Wiener theorem, the third assertion cannot hold if $\mathcal{F}h$ has a compact support.

$\endgroup$

1 Answer 1

1
$\begingroup$

Let $$f(z)=\frac{e^{iz}-1}{iz}.$$ This function is in the Hardy class for any upper half-plane, and has these properties: $f(0)=1,$ $f(2\pi n)=0$, $$|f(z)|\leq C\frac{e^y+1}{|z|+1},$$ (this evidently holds for large and small $|z|$, therefore there is a constant $C$ so that this holds everywhere).

Since the $L^2$ norm has the property $\| f(kx)\|^2=\| f(x)\|^2/k,$ and the norm is invariant under real translations, the following function $g$ belongs to the Hardy spaces for upper half-planes: $$g(z)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty f(n^2(z-a_n)),$$ where $a_n\in\{2\pi k: k\in {\mathbf{Z}}\}$. Moreover, it is entire, if the sequence $a_n$ grows fast enough. (It follows from the estimate for $f$ that the series is uniformly convergent on any compact subset of the plane). Now $g(a_n)=1$, so $h(z)=(g(z-i)-1)/(z-i)$, where has all properties that you required.

Some extra labor is needed to show that $h$ can be made of finite order.

$\endgroup$
7
  • $\begingroup$ It's not clear to me why $zh-1=(zg-2z+z_0)/(z-z_0)\in H^2$; in fact, it seems this never holds. $\endgroup$ Feb 12 at 17:58
  • 1
    $\begingroup$ @Christian Remling: I corrected. $\endgroup$ Feb 12 at 18:14
  • $\begingroup$ Sorry, I don't see how this addresses my comment: If $z_0$ is in the lower half plane (for convenience), then of the three terms of $zh-1$ as written in my comment, the first and last are in $H^2$, while the second isn't. $\endgroup$ Feb 12 at 18:19
  • $\begingroup$ Take $z_0$ in the upper half-plane. $\endgroup$ Feb 12 at 20:16
  • $\begingroup$ In this situation $zh + 1 = (gz - z_0)/(z - z_0)$ is in $H^2$ $\endgroup$ Feb 12 at 20:20

Your Answer

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge that you have read and understand our privacy policy and code of conduct.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.