Questions tagged [vector-spaces]
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164
questions
7
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3
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How many non-orthogonal vectors fit into a complex vector space?
I am sitting on a problem, where I have a complex vector space of dimension $D$ and a set of normalized vectors $\{v_k\}$, $k\in\{1,2,\dots,N\}$ that are supposed to satisfy
$$\lvert\langle v_j\vert ...
1
vote
1
answer
67
views
Is this notion of being "fully" convex closed under set addition?
While reading through "Linear Operators: General theory" by "Jacob T. Schwartz", reading the corollary to II.10.1 which states that for a compact convex subset $C$ of some ...
- 170
0
votes
1
answer
110
views
Name for a monoid on the basis of a vector space?
Is there a name for the structure of a vector space with a monoid defined on its basis?
Given a vector space V over a field F, we can choose a basis and define a monoid on it. Now we can use each ...
- 481
1
vote
0
answers
152
views
Centraliser of a finite group
Let $G=\operatorname{Sp}(8,K)$ be a symplectic algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not $2$.
We have a vector space decomposition $V_8=V_2\otimes V_4$ where the $2$-...
- 501
1
vote
0
answers
108
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General linear group in infinite dimensions
Let $V$ be a vector space over the field $k$. Upon assuming the Axiom of Choice, we know that $V$ has a well-defined dimension $N$, and hence a well-defined basis $B$. Suppose that $N$ is not finite.
...
- 4,025
17
votes
7
answers
3k
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Why do infinite-dimensional vector spaces usually have additional structure?
On Mathematics Stack Exchange, I asked the following question: Why are infinite-dimensional vector spaces usually equipped with additional structure? Although it received one good answer, I feel that ...
- 351
-4
votes
1
answer
105
views
Coordinate free computation of the second derivative of a functional [closed]
Let $F(g(f))$
be a functional that sends functions of a vector variable (from $n$-dimensional vector space) to $\mathbb R$.
$g$
is some function of scalar valued functions $f$.
I'm interested in a ...
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
115
views
Can you help me prove this vector identity?
It could be that the preprint where I found this identity has a typo or that it is simply wrong, but I have been trying to see if this is true:
\begin{equation}
\int \left(\nabla\times F_{\bf B}\...
- 327
0
votes
0
answers
85
views
Construct a vector space whose elements are sets
I would like to construct a vector space whose elements are convex and closed subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$.
A natural idea is as follows.
For any two sets $S_1, S_2 \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$, define the ...
- 159
0
votes
1
answer
115
views
Seeking closed-form solution for vector equation
I'm working on a problem that involves vectors and scalar values, and I'm looking for a closed-form solution. I hope someone can help me with this or provide insights into how to approach it. Here's ...
- 111
4
votes
1
answer
331
views
Boolean algebra of the lattice of subspaces of a vector space?
Recall that a Boolean algebra is a complemented distributive lattice. The set of subspaces of a vector space comes very close to being a boolean algebra. It satisfies all the required properties, ...
- 1,007
0
votes
0
answers
134
views
Given optimality of L1 norm, prove that absolute value of sum of a vector with proper sign is less than 1?
Problem:
Given a domain $\mathcal{D}\subset\mathbb{R}^{l}$, we can find $l$
points $\boldsymbol{v}_{i}\in\mathcal{D}$, $i=1,\cdots,l$. Each
point is a column vector with dimension $l\times1$. They ...
- 1
1
vote
1
answer
378
views
Dimension of a kernel of a linear map
Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field of characteristic $2$, $n$ be a positive integer and $f_n:\bigoplus\limits_{i=1}^n\mathbb{F}\sigma_{i}\mapsto \bigoplus\limits_{i,j=1,i<j}^n\mathbb{F}\sigma_{i,j}$ be a ...
- 447
1
vote
1
answer
81
views
Counting the number of summands in a vector space over characteristic $2$ to get a direct sum
Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field of characteristic $2$ and define $S$ to be the set of all triples $(i,j,k)\in\lbrace 1,\dotsc,n\rbrace^3$ with $\left|i-j\right|=1$, $\left|i-k\right|>1$, and $\left|j-k\...
- 447
4
votes
1
answer
276
views
Automorphisms of vector spaces and the complex numbers without choice
In Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice (AC), it is consistent to say that there are models in which:
there are vector spaces without a basis;
the field of complex numbers $\mathbb{...
- 4,025
3
votes
1
answer
280
views
Are all Helmholtz decompositions related?
Suppose $V\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ be non-empty and at least twice differentiable (Smooth) and let $S$ be the surface that encloses $V$ (for example a sphere). Let $\textbf{F}\in \mathbb{R}^3$ be a ...
- 185
0
votes
2
answers
193
views
Does surface integral preserve the curl operation?
Suppose $V\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ be non-empty and at least twice differentiable (Smooth) and let $S$ be the surface that encloses $V$ (for example a sphere). Let $\textbf{F}\in \mathbb{R}^3$ be a ...
- 185
0
votes
0
answers
82
views
Arithmetic triangles and unimodality of its rows
Let's consider the sequence of coefficients of $\prod_{i}\frac {1-x^{d_i}} {1-x}$, where $d_i$ is a monotonically increasing nonnegative integer sequence.
How to prove that the coefficients form an ...
2
votes
0
answers
84
views
To show $\{(x,y) \in \mathbb Q^{\geq 0} \times \mathbb Q^{\geq 0}~:~ mn+1 \mid m^x+n^y \}$ is subset of the lattice $\{\vec u+i \vec v+j \vec w\}$?
I am writing two definitions, the $1$st one is a cover in some sense while the $2$nd one is a lattice:
Definition 1: If $m,n$ are integers bigger than $1$, then the set $$A=\{(x,y) \in \mathbb Q^{\geq ...
- 942
7
votes
1
answer
185
views
Which lattices have non-trivial linear representations?
Suppose we have a a bounded lattice $L$. We might ask: does there exist a non-trivial linear representation of $L$, i.e. a lattice homomorphism $\rho: L \to \text{Sp}(V)$, where $V$ is a non-zero ...
- 101
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votes
2
answers
417
views
Reducing $9\times9$ determinant to $3\times3$ determinant
Consider the $9\times 9$ matrix
$$M = \begin{pmatrix} i e_3 \times{} & i & 0 \\
-i & 0 & -a \times{} \\
0 & a \times{} & 0 \end{pmatrix}$$
for some vector $a \in \mathbb R^3$, ...
- 53
0
votes
0
answers
48
views
A query regarding complex vector decomposition
Given a complex vector $V$ of length $n^2$. Each complex entry in the vector is of size (number of digits or bits required to express the complex number) $c$ for some constant $c$.
Is it always ...
- 13
7
votes
0
answers
291
views
A minimal semigroup generating subset of the additive reals
I asked this on MSE, but I was told to ask it here because it is a difficult question. Consider the additive magma of the real numbers, $(\mathbb{R};+)$. Does there exist a subset $S$ of the reals ...
- 2,043
2
votes
0
answers
83
views
Name for closure property: set of maps closed under taking $(f,g)\mapsto (f-g)/2$
Suppose that $F$ is a collection of functions mapping some set $\Omega$ to $\mathbb{R}$, with the following closure property: whenever $f,g\in F$, we also have $(f-g)/2\in F$. Is there a name for this ...
- 5,949
2
votes
0
answers
106
views
Right unitor in star-autonomous categories
1.Context
Let $(C, \otimes, I, a, l,r)$ be a monoidal category. Here $r$ denotes the right unitor.
Suppose $S: C^{op} \xrightarrow{\sim} C$ is an equivalence of categories with inverse $S’$. Assume ...
- 594
1
vote
2
answers
99
views
Name for the weight function defined as the integer sum of coordinate entries from ${\mathbf F}_p$
In ${\mathbb F}_p^n$, $p$ prime one may define a weight function on vectors in various ways such as Hamming, or Lee weight. (These two weights correspond nicely to the respective distances from $\bar ...
- 11
3
votes
1
answer
404
views
Image of a quadratic form is a closed cone
Let $Q : E \to F$ be a quadratic form induced by a symmetric bilinear form $B : E \times E \to F$ defined in a finite dimensional real normed vector space $E$, with values in the normed vector space $...
- 2,075
3
votes
0
answers
65
views
Field automorphisms of projective spaces without the axiom of choice
Suppose P is a projective space over the field $k$. If P has finite dimension $n$, we can fix a base. Relative to this base, the full automorphism group of P can be described by the action on the ...
- 4,025
1
vote
0
answers
528
views
Notation for the space of eventually-zero sequences
An eventually-zero sequence is a real-valued sequence $(x_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ for which there exists an $N\in\mathbb{N}$ such that $x_n=0$ for each $n\geq N$. The space of eventually-zero sequences ...
- 153
2
votes
0
answers
98
views
Proving the non-existence of canonical isomorphisms
From time to time, during my undergraduate lectures on linear algebra appears the following question from the most smart students in the class. I asked to my algebra colleagues but I have not received ...
- 1,483
-1
votes
1
answer
234
views
Injection vs. bijection between $V^\star \otimes V^\star$ and $(V \otimes V)^\star$ [closed]
It is a well-known fact that, if $V$ is a vector space over a field $k$, then $V^\star \otimes V^\star$ embeds into $(V \otimes V)^\star$.
It turns out to be an isomorphism when $V$ is a finite-...
- 97
0
votes
1
answer
244
views
Application of the Frechet derivative [closed]
$f\colon U\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}^{m}$ is differentiable at $x_{0}$ if there exist a linear transformation $T\colon \mathbb{R}^{n}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}^{m}$, such that:
\...
- 131
3
votes
1
answer
535
views
Sum of $q$-binomial coefficients
Denote by $ \binom{n}{k}_q = \prod_{i=0}^{k-1} \frac{ q^{n-i} - 1 }{ q^{k-i} - 1 } $, $ k = 0, 1, \ldots, n $, the $ q $-binomial (Gaussian) coefficients. These numbers are symmetric, in the sense ...
- 479
1
vote
1
answer
115
views
Nilpotent matrices with (Motzkin-Taussky) property L
One of the consequences of the well-known Motzkin-Taussky theorem (https://www.jstor.org/stable/1990825) is the following : if two complex matrices $A, B$ generate a vector space of diagonalisable ...
- 13
0
votes
0
answers
215
views
Vector convolution?
I am working on a research problem which leads to the following optimization problem:
\begin{equation}
\hat{M} = \operatorname*{arg\,max}_M \Bigl\lVert\sum_{k=0}^{M-1} {\mathbf y}_k \exp\left(-j 2\pi ...
- 263
3
votes
1
answer
169
views
Looking for a paper on axiomatic orthogonality in a vector space
I am looking for a paper "Linear spaces with disjoint elements and their conversion into vector lattices" by A. I. Veksler.
It was published in 1967 in Research Notes of Leningrad State ...
- 5,275
2
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Under which conditions: dim(W1 + W2 + W3) = dim(W1) + dim(W2) + dim(W3) − dim(W1 ∩ W2) − dim(W2 ∩ W3) − dim(W3 ∩ W1) + dim(W1 ∩ W2 ∩ W3) [closed]
Let $V$ be a finite dimensional vector space over a field $K$, and let $W_1$, $W_2$ and $W_3$ be subspaces of $V$. By analogy with the inclusion-exclusion principle for sets, and taking into account ...
user468543
1
vote
0
answers
61
views
Derivative of a function of ordered variables
Can I differentiate
$$(\pmb{y}^o - (\pmb{x}\cdot\pmb{a})^o)^\top(\pmb{y}^o - (\pmb{x}\cdot\pmb{a})^o)$$ with respect to $\pmb{a}$? (I want to minimize the expression with respect to $\pmb{a}$.)
Here, $...
- 133
16
votes
1
answer
759
views
Examples of vector spaces with bases of different cardinalities
In this question Sizes of bases of vector spaces without the axiom of choice it is said that "It is consistent [with ZF] that there are vector spaces that have two bases with completely different ...
- 163
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votes
0
answers
174
views
Eigenvalues without the axiom of choice
Without the Axiom of Choice (AC), we can find models of ZF set theory in which some vector spaces have no base, and also models in which some vector spaces have bases of different cardinalities.
The ...
- 4,025
0
votes
0
answers
172
views
Eigenbases without the Axiom of Choice
I understand that in ZF set theory without the Axiom of Choice (AC), it is consistent to have models in which there exist vector spaces over some (unspecified) field $k$ without a basis.
So in ...
- 4,025
0
votes
0
answers
130
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Axiom of Choice and bases of $k$-vector spaces, $k$ fixed
I know that from ZF + the Axiom of Choice (AC) follows that every vector space has a basis.
And, conversely, Blass proved that in ZF set theory, the assumption that every vector space has a basis ...
- 4,025
4
votes
0
answers
117
views
Hamel basis with all coordinate functionals discontinuous
If $X$ is an infinite dimensional (separable) Banach space, can one find a Hamel basis $(x_\alpha)_{\alpha\in\Lambda}$ such that all coordinate functionals $x_\alpha^*(x_\beta)=\delta_{\alpha,\beta}$ ...
- 1,309
0
votes
0
answers
93
views
Large subgroups of infinite-dimensional vector spaces
Let $V$ be an infinite-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{Q}$.
Consider a proper subgroup $W$ of $V, +$ with the following property: each vector line $L$ (which we see as a subgroup of $V, +$) has ...
- 4,025
17
votes
3
answers
841
views
Existence of translation-invariant basis on $C_c(\mathbb R)$
Consider the space $C_c(\mathbb R)$ of complex-valued continuous functions of compact support. This is a vector space over $\mathbb C$, and I am not considering any topology, so the question is ...
- 1,795
-2
votes
1
answer
123
views
A generalized norm function in $\mathbb{R}^n$ [closed]
We defined a new norm. The norm of $x \in \mathbb{R}^n$ is defined as
$$ N_P(x) = \min \{t \geq 0 : x \in t\cdot P\} \enspace,$$
where $P$ is a centrally symmetric and convex body centered at the ...
- 31
2
votes
1
answer
155
views
Low-Hamming weight vectors in low-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{F}_p^n$
What is the maximum number vectors of Hamming weight at most $w$ in a $d$-dimensional subspace of $\mathbb{F}_p^n$, where $w,d,p$ are constant and $p$ is odd. (The Hamming weight is the number of ...
- 93
1
vote
1
answer
109
views
Is trace of a slice of an elementary function of a matrix also elementary?
Let we have an elementary function $f(W)$, applicable to a matrix.
Now consider the function
$g(x)=\operatorname{tr} f(W+x),$
where $x$ is scalar. Is $g(x)$ necessarily an elementary function?
Simple ...
- 9,310
2
votes
1
answer
109
views
A matrix identity
Suppose $A=(a_{jk})_{j,k=1}^n$ is a symmetric complex valued matrix, that is to say, $a_{jk}=a_{kj}$ for all $j,k=1,\dotsc,n$. Suppose that given any two linearly independent vectors $\alpha=(\alpha^j)...
- 3,987
0
votes
0
answers
95
views
Decomposition an $A$-module to irreducible ones
Let $V$ be a complex vector space (i.e, over the filed of complex numbers) and $A$ be a complex algebra.
Suppose that $V$ is an $A$-module. Under what proper condition(s) there are irreducible ...
- 3,898